![]() ![]() After each operation, the content in these registers gets replaced by the next set of instructions and data from a larger memory pool within the CPU, called the cache memory. A CPU only has a handful of registers, and they are task specific: their purpose is either to hold numbers or instructions to manipulate those numbers. They are the fastest, most frequently used type of memory, made from a group of fundamental memory circuits called flip-flops. The CPU uses internal registers to temporarily hold instructions and data for immediate processing. Memory hierarchy lets computer designers optimize their machine’s memory in an economical way by combining different types of memory into layers and choosing what data to store in each layer. Fast memory is usually small and expensive, while large and affordable memory is generally slow. ![]() However, there is always a trilemma among speed, size and cost of the memory. We all want fast devices that can store large amounts of data, and for this we need a fast CPU with a large amount of fast memory to support it. Watch this video to learn how a CPU works. These CPUs come in different designs, sizes and features, but their fundamental operations remain the same. It then performs basic arithmetic, logic, control and input/output operations specified by the instructions. The CPU fetches instructions from a program and data from the device's memory. Computers and digital devices, from smart phones to simple appliances, have a central processing unit, or CPU, that act as their brain.
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